Anthropocene is the proposed name for a new geological epoch demarcated as the time when human activities began to have a substantial global effect on the Earth’s systems. Yet to be formally recognized as a new geological epoch, the concept of “Anthropocene” is increasingly recognized as the most suited framework to address the challenges of protecting and promoting human health and nutrition. It makes the case for widening the responsibility for health across disciplines and sectors beyond the traditional confines of the health sector, integrating the material, biological, social, and cultural aspects of public health. In his keynote speech, Professor Alan Jackson explores these links by analyzing the social challenge dimension of human nutrition.